This is the first of a two-volume follow-up to the first Science Fiction Hall of Fame, consisting of longer stories than those in Volume One. A similar process of polling SFWA members was conducted, and considering the lengths of the stories, the results were split into two volumes.
As in Volume One, certain constraints made some of the voted stories unable to appear in the published volumes. These stories include Ray Bradbury's "The Fireman" (later expanded as Fahrenheit 451), Walter M. Miller, Jr.'s "A Canticle for Leibowitz" (later expanded into a novel of the same name), and Robert A. Heinlein's "By His Bootstraps" (since ground rules allowed only one story per author, and Heinlein's "Universe" was included instead).